Đề thi VSTEP Full Practice B2 — Sức khỏe đô thị & Tái chế cộng đồng (mẫu 1)

Urban air pollution has become one of the most pressing public health concerns of the twenty-first century. As cities continue to grow, the concentration of fine particulate matter in the air has risen sharply, particularly in developing regions where industrial expansion outpaces environmental regulation. Medical research consistently links prolonged exposure to polluted air with respiratory illnesses, cardiovascular disease, and even cognitive decline in older adults. A recent study found that people living near major roadways are 25 percent more likely to develop chronic bronchitis than those in suburban areas. In response, several governments have introduced low-emission zones, expanded cycling infrastructure, and offered subsidies for electric vehicles. However, individual choices also matter. Experts recommend that residents monitor daily air quality reports, wear protective masks on high-pollution days, and limit outdoor exercise during peak traffic hours. While no single solution can eliminate the problem, combining policy action with personal awareness offers the most realistic path toward healthier urban living.

[Audio transcript] Good morning, everyone. Thank you for joining today's town hall meeting about our new community recycling initiative. Over the past year, our neighborhood has generated nearly 30 percent more household waste than the city average. Most of this waste could have been recycled or composted, but residents have reported that existing recycling centers are inconvenient and poorly managed. Starting next month, we will introduce three key changes. First, mobile recycling stations will visit different parts of the neighborhood twice a week. Second, biodegradable bags will be provided free of charge to encourage composting. Third, a rewards program will allow residents to exchange recyclable materials for vouchers at local shops. We have already trained 25 volunteers to assist newcomers and answer questions about sorting waste correctly. Our goal is to reduce landfill contributions by at least 40 percent within two years. If you would like to volunteer or learn more, please visit our website or speak with one of the organizers after the meeting. Together, we can make our community cleaner and more sustainable.