Đề thi VSTEP Listening C1 — The Reproducibility Crisis in Research

Good morning, everyone. I'm delighted to open this session on research integrity with a discussion of the so-called reproducibility crisis that has preoccupied the scientific community over the past decade. The term 'reproducibility crisis' refers to the troubling observation that a substantial proportion of published research findings, particularly in fields like psychology and biomedicine, cannot be replicated when independent teams attempt the same experiments. A widely cited survey conducted by Nature in 2016 found that more than 70% of researchers had tried and failed to reproduce another scientist's experiments, while over 50% had failed to reproduce their own. What explains this phenomenon? Several factors have been proposed, including publication bias toward positive results, the misuse of statistical techniques such as p-hacking, and the structural incentive to publish novel findings in prestigious journals. Together, these pressures can distort the research process and erode public trust in science. In response, the open science movement has gained considerable momentum. Initiatives such as preregistration of studies, open data sharing, and transparent peer review aim to make research more verifiable and accountable. Whether these reforms will ultimately restore confidence in scientific findings remains, however, an open question that I invite this panel to explore.