Đề thi VSTEP Reading B2 — Sustainable Urban Design

Sustainable urban design has emerged as a critical approach to addressing the environmental challenges facing modern cities. As urban populations continue to grow, architects and city planners are increasingly incorporating green infrastructure into their projects. This includes the use of green roofs, which are covered with vegetation to absorb rainwater and reduce heat, as well as permeable pavements that allow water to seep into the ground rather than running off into storm drains. Beyond environmental benefits, sustainable design also aims to improve quality of life. Parks and community gardens are being integrated into residential areas, providing residents with spaces for recreation and social interaction. Furthermore, buildings are being constructed with energy-efficient materials and solar panels to reduce reliance on fossil fuels. Critics argue that sustainable design can be costly to implement, particularly in developing countries. Nevertheless, many experts maintain that the long-term savings on energy and water, combined with the health benefits for residents, make sustainable urban design a worthwhile investment.