---
title: "Ngữ pháp nâng cao cho ai muốn lên B2-C1 — Đảo ngữ, câu chẻ, giả định — Ôn tập VSTEP"
description: "Tổng hợp 25 bài Ngữ pháp nâng cao cho ai muốn lên B2-C1 — Đảo ngữ, câu chẻ, giả định — cập nhật 2026."
canonical: "https://tuyencongchuc.com/on-tap-vstep/thread/ngu-phap-nang-cao/"
type: "page"
---

# Ngữ pháp nâng cao cho ai muốn lên B2-C1 — Đảo ngữ, câu chẻ, giả định

Trang 1/3 — 25 bài viết

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Bài #1

M

MayMay

Biên tập viên

28/07/2026

#1 B2 28/07/2026

### [Đảo ngữ nâng cao — 10 cấu trúc đảo ngữ đầy đủ](https://tuyencongchuc.com/on-tap-vstep/vstep-npc-inversion-chi-tiet/)

## Đảo ngữ nâng cao — 10 cấu trúc đầy đủ

Đảo ngữ (Inversion) là kỹ thuật đặt trợ động từ trước chủ ngữ để nhấn mạnh. Đây là điểm ngữ pháp quan trọng trong VSTEP B2, thường xuất hiện ở phần Writing và Use of English.

### 1. Never / Rarely / Seldom + trợ ĐT + S + V

**Never have I seen** such a beautiful sunset.
 **Rarely does she** complain about anything.
 **Seldom do students** get a perfect score.

### 2. Not only + trợ ĐT + S + V, but ... also

**Not only did he pass** the exam, **but he also** scored the highest.
 **Not only is she** intelligent, **but she is also** hardworking.

### 3. No sooner + had + S + V(pp) + than

**No sooner had I arrived** than it started raining.
 **No sooner had the meeting begun** than the fire alarm went off.

### 4. Hardly / Scarcely + had + S + V(pp) + when/before

**Hardly had she finished** speaking **when** the audience applauded.
 **Scarcely had they left** **before** the storm hit.

### 5. Little + trợ ĐT + S + V

**Little did he know** that his life was about to change.
 **Little do they realize** the importance of this decision.

### 6. Only + trạng từ/giới từ + trợ ĐT + S + V

**Only after the exam did I** understand the material.
 **Only by studying hard can you** achieve a B2 certificate.
 **Only when she left did he** realize how much he loved her.

### 7. Under no circumstances + trợ ĐT + S + V

**Under no circumstances should you** share your password.
 **Under no circumstances will we** accept late submissions.

### 8. Not until + mệnh đề + trợ ĐT + S + V

**Not until midnight did the rain** stop.
 **Not until I read the report did I** understand the problem.

### 9. So + adj/adv + trợ ĐT + S + V + that

**So beautiful was the painting** that everyone stopped to admire it.
 **So quickly did he run** that no one could catch him.

### 10. Such + be + N + that

**Such was his anger** that he couldn't speak.
 **Such is the importance of education** that governments invest heavily.

### Bảng tổng hợp nhanh

| # | Cấu trúc | Ví dụ bắt đầu |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Never/Rarely/Seldom + aux + S | Never have I... |
| 2 | Not only + aux + S... but also | Not only did he... |
| 3 | No sooner + had + S + PP + than | No sooner had I... |
| 4 | Hardly/Scarcely + had + S + PP + when | Hardly had she... |
| 5 | Little + aux + S | Little did he know... |
| 6 | Only + adv/prep + aux + S | Only after... did I... |
| 7 | Under no circumstances + aux + S | Under no circumstances should... |
| 8 | Not until + clause + aux + S | Not until... did he... |
| 9 | So + adj + aux + S + that | So beautiful was... |
| 10 | Such + be + N + that | Such was his anger... |

**Lưu ý VSTEP:** Đảo ngữ thường xuất hiện trong Writing Task 2 (essay) để tăng band điểm Grammar. Sử dụng 2–3 câu đảo ngữ trong bài viết là đủ — không nên lạm dụng.

Bài #1 trong chuỗi [Xem riêng bài này →](https://tuyencongchuc.com/on-tap-vstep/vstep-npc-inversion-chi-tiet/)

Bài #2

M

MayMay

Biên tập viên

28/07/2026

#2 B2 28/07/2026

### [Bài tập đảo ngữ — 30 câu trắc nghiệm](https://tuyencongchuc.com/on-tap-vstep/vstep-npc-bai-tap-inversion/)

*Chọn đáp án đúng nhất để hoàn thành câu.*

**1.** Never _____ such a wonderful performance.

A. I have seen
B. have I seen
C. I had seen
D. did I seen

**2.** Not only _____ the exam, but she also got the highest score.

A. she passed
B. did she pass
C. she did pass
D. passed she

**3.** No sooner _____ home than it started to rain.

A. had I arrived
B. I had arrived
C. did I arrive
D. I arrived

**4.** Hardly _____ speaking when the phone rang.

A. had she finished
B. she had finished
C. she finished
D. did she finish

**5.** Little _____ that his invention would change the world.

A. he knew
B. did he know
C. he did know
D. knew he

**6.** Only after the meeting _____ the truth.

A. I discovered
B. did I discover
C. I did discover
D. discovered I

**7.** Under no circumstances _____ the building without permission.

A. you should leave
B. should you leave
C. you leave
D. do you leave

**8.** Not until midnight _____ studying.

A. she stopped
B. did she stop
C. she did stop
D. stopped she

**9.** So impressed _____ that he offered her the job immediately.

A. the manager was
B. was the manager
C. the manager did
D. did the manager

**10.** Rarely _____ to the theater these days.

A. we go
B. do we go
C. we did go
D. going we

**11.** _____ had I opened the door when the cat ran out.

A. Hardly
B. Never
C. Always
D. Often

**12.** Not only _____ English fluently, but he also speaks French.

A. he speaks
B. does he speak
C. he does speak
D. speaks he

**13.** _____ does she realize how talented she is.

A. Hardly
B. Little
C. Much
D. Great

**14.** Only by working together _____ solve this problem.

A. we can
B. can we
C. we could
D. could

**15.** Seldom _____ such generosity in today's world.

A. you see
B. do you see
C. you seeing
D. see you

**16.** No sooner _____ the news than she burst into tears.

A. she heard
B. had she heard
C. did she hear
D. she had heard

**17.** _____ was his determination that nothing could stop him.

A. So
B. Such
C. Very
D. Much

**18.** Only when you experience failure _____ appreciate success.

A. you can
B. can you
C. you will
D. you do

**19.** At no time _____ aware of the danger.

A. I was
B. was I
C. I had been
D. had been I

**20.** Not until the results were announced _____ how well she had done.

A. she realized
B. did she realize
C. she did realize
D. realized she

**21.** Nowhere _____ a more peaceful place than this village.

A. you will find
B. will you find
C. you find
D. finding you

**22.** So quickly _____ that nobody noticed.

A. he left
B. did he leave
C. he did leave
D. left he

**23.** In no way _____ responsible for the accident.

A. she was
B. was she
C. she is
D. is she

**24.** Only if you study hard _____ pass the VSTEP exam.

A. you will
B. will you
C. you can
D. you do

**25.** Barely _____ the station when the train departed.

A. we reached
B. had we reached
C. we had reached
D. did we reach

**26.** Not a single word _____ during the meeting.

A. he said
B. did he say
C. he says
D. says he

**27.** _____ beautiful was the sunset that we stopped the car to take photos.

A. Such
B. Very
C. So
D. Too

**28.** Only after graduating from university _____ find a good job.

A. she could
B. could she
C. she can
D. can she

**29.** Never before _____ such heavy traffic in this area.

A. there has been
B. has there been
C. there was
D. was there

**30.** On no account _____ this information to anyone.

A. you must reveal
B. must you reveal
C. you reveal
D. revealing you

### ĐÁP ÁN

| Câu | Đáp án | Câu | Đáp án | Câu | Đáp án |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **B** | 11 | **A** | 21 | **B** |
| 2 | **B** | 12 | **B** | 22 | **B** |
| 3 | **A** | 13 | **B** | 23 | **B** |
| 4 | **A** | 14 | **B** | 24 | **B** |
| 5 | **B** | 15 | **B** | 25 | **B** |
| 6 | **B** | 16 | **B** | 26 | **B** |
| 7 | **B** | 17 | **B** | 27 | **C** |
| 8 | **B** | 18 | **B** | 28 | **B** |
| 9 | **B** | 19 | **B** | 29 | **B** |
| 10 | **B** | 20 | **B** | 30 | **B** |

**Giải thích nhanh:** Quy tắc chung — khi câu bắt đầu bằng từ/cụm từ mang nghĩa phủ định hoặc hạn chế, trợ động từ phải đứng trước chủ ngữ. Câu 17: dùng "Such" vì theo sau là danh từ (his determination). Câu 27: dùng "So" vì theo sau là tính từ (beautiful).

Bài #2 trong chuỗi [Xem riêng bài này →](https://tuyencongchuc.com/on-tap-vstep/vstep-npc-bai-tap-inversion/)

Bài #3

M

MayMay

Biên tập viên

28/07/2026

#3 B2 28/07/2026

### [Câu chẻ nâng cao — It is that, What is, All is](https://tuyencongchuc.com/on-tap-vstep/vstep-npc-cleft-chi-tiet/)

## Câu chẻ nâng cao — Cleft Sentences

Câu chẻ (Cleft sentences) dùng để nhấn mạnh một thành phần cụ thể trong câu. Đây là công cụ mạnh để tăng điểm Grammar trong VSTEP Writing.

### 1. It is/was ... that/who (It-cleft)

Nhấn mạnh bất kỳ thành phần nào:

**Nhấn mạnh chủ ngữ:**
 John broke the window. → **It was John who** broke the window.

**Nhấn mạnh tân ngữ:**
 She bought a car. → **It was a car that** she bought.

**Nhấn mạnh trạng từ:**
 He left yesterday. → **It was yesterday that** he left.
 They met in Paris. → **It was in Paris that** they met.

### 2. What ... is/was (What-cleft)

Nhấn mạnh hành động hoặc sự việc:

She needs more practice. → **What she needs is** more practice.
 I admire his honesty. → **What I admire is** his honesty.
 They did nothing. → **What they did was** nothing.

### 3. All ... is/was (All-cleft)

Nhấn mạnh "chỉ cần" hoặc "duy nhất":

You need to study. → **All you need to do is** study.
 I want peace. → **All I want is** peace.
 She said sorry. → **All she said was** sorry.

### 4. The thing/reason/place/person ... is/was

**The thing that worries me is** the deadline.
 **The reason (why) I called is** to ask for help.
 **The place where we first met was** the library.
 **The person who helped me was** my neighbor.

### 5. It is not until ... that (Kết hợp đảo ngữ)

He didn't realize the truth until she left.
 → **It was not until she left that** he realized the truth.
 → **Not until she left did** he realize the truth. (đảo ngữ)

### Bảng so sánh các dạng câu chẻ

| Dạng | Cấu trúc | Nhấn mạnh |
| --- | --- | --- |
| It-cleft | It is/was + X + that/who | Bất kỳ thành phần nào |
| What-cleft | What + S + V + is/was | Hành động, sự việc |
| All-cleft | All + S + V + is/was | "Chỉ cần", "duy nhất" |
| The thing-cleft | The thing/reason + is/was | Cụ thể hóa đối tượng |

**Mẹo VSTEP:** Dùng What-cleft và It-cleft trong phần mở bài hoặc kết luận Writing Task 2 để tạo ấn tượng mạnh. Ví dụ: "What the government should do is invest more in education."

Bài #3 trong chuỗi [Xem riêng bài này →](https://tuyencongchuc.com/on-tap-vstep/vstep-npc-cleft-chi-tiet/)

Bài #4

M

MayMay

Biên tập viên

28/07/2026

#4 B2 28/07/2026

### [Bài tập câu chẻ — 25 câu trắc nghiệm](https://tuyencongchuc.com/on-tap-vstep/vstep-npc-bai-tap-cleft/)

**1.** _____ the manager who made the final decision.

A. He was
B. It was
C. That was
D. What was

**2.** What she really needs _____.

A. is a vacation
B. a vacation is
C. it is a vacation
D. was a vacation is

**3.** All you have to do _____ fill in the form.

A. was
B. is
C. were
D. being

**4.** It was in 2020 _____ the pandemic started.

A. when
B. that
C. which
D. where

**5.** _____ I admire about her is her determination.

A. It
B. That
C. What
D. All

**6.** It was Tom _____ broke the window, not John.

A. which
B. that
C. whom
D. whose

**7.** The reason _____ I'm calling is to confirm the appointment.

A. what
B. which
C. why
D. how

**8.** _____ they did was complain about the food.

A. It
B. That
C. All
D. What

**9.** It was not until she graduated _____ she found a job.

A. when
B. that
C. which
D. before

**10.** What matters most _____ your attitude, not your aptitude.

A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were

**11.** It _____ in Paris that they first met.

A. is
B. was
C. has been
D. had been

**12.** The place _____ I feel most relaxed is my garden.

A. which
B. that
C. where
D. when

**13.** All I want _____ some peace and quiet.

A. is
B. are
C. was
D. being

**14.** _____ surprised me was how quickly he recovered.

A. It
B. That
C. What
D. Which

**15.** It is education _____ can change the world.

A. what
B. which
C. that
D. who

**16.** What the country needs _____ strong leadership.

A. is
B. are
C. has
D. have

**17.** The thing _____ bothers me most is dishonesty.

A. who
B. whom
C. that
D. where

**18.** It was because of the rain _____ the match was canceled.

A. why
B. that
C. which
D. when

**19.** All he ever talks about _____ football.

A. is
B. are
C. were
D. has been

**20.** _____ I like best about this city is the food.

A. It
B. That
C. What
D. Which

**21.** It is the students who _____ responsible for their own learning.

A. is
B. are
C. was
D. has been

**22.** What happened next _____ completely unexpected.

A. is
B. was
C. were
D. are

**23.** The person _____ you should talk to is the department head.

A. which
B. whom
C. where
D. when

**24.** It was only after the investigation _____ the cause was identified.

A. when
B. that
C. which
D. where

**25.** All we can do now _____ wait for the results.

A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were

### ĐÁP ÁN

| Câu | ĐA | Câu | ĐA | Câu | ĐA | Câu | ĐA | Câu | ĐA |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **B** | 6 | **B** | 11 | **B** | 16 | **A** | 21 | **B** |
| 2 | **A** | 7 | **C** | 12 | **C** | 17 | **C** | 22 | **B** |
| 3 | **B** | 8 | **C** | 13 | **A** | 18 | **B** | 23 | **B** |
| 4 | **B** | 9 | **B** | 14 | **C** | 19 | **A** | 24 | **B** |
| 5 | **C** | 10 | **A** | 15 | **C** | 20 | **C** | 25 | **A** |

Bài #4 trong chuỗi [Xem riêng bài này →](https://tuyencongchuc.com/on-tap-vstep/vstep-npc-bai-tap-cleft/)

Bài #5

M

MayMay

Biên tập viên

28/07/2026

#5 B2 28/07/2026

### [Giả định pháp — Wish, If only, Suggest, Insist, Demand](https://tuyencongchuc.com/on-tap-vstep/vstep-npc-subjunctive-chi-tiet/)

## Giả định pháp — Subjunctive Mood

### 1. Wish / If only + Quá khứ đơn (ước ở hiện tại)

I **wish I knew** the answer. (Tôi ước tôi biết câu trả lời — hiện tại không biết)
 **If only she were** here. (Giá mà cô ấy ở đây — hiện tại không ở đây)

*Lưu ý: Dùng "were" cho tất cả ngôi (I/he/she/it) trong văn phong trang trọng.*

### 2. Wish / If only + Quá khứ hoàn thành (ước ở quá khứ)

I **wish I had studied** harder. (Ước tôi đã học chăm hơn)
 **If only we hadn't made** that mistake. (Giá mà chúng ta đã không mắc lỗi đó)

### 3. Wish / If only + would + V-inf (ước ai đó thay đổi)

I **wish you would stop** making noise. (Tôi ước bạn ngừng gây ồn)
 **If only it would stop** raining. (Giá mà trời ngừng mưa)

*Lưu ý: KHÔNG dùng "I wish I would" — chủ ngữ wish và would phải khác nhau.*

### 4. Suggest / Recommend / Insist / Demand / Require + (should) + V-inf

The doctor **suggested (that) she (should) take** more rest.
 I **insist (that) he (should) be** present at the meeting.
 The committee **demanded (that) the report (should) be submitted** by Friday.
 She **recommended (that) we (should) start** early.

*Lưu ý: "should" có thể lược bỏ → dùng V-inf trần (bare infinitive).*

### 5. It's time / It's high time + Quá khứ đơn

**It's time we left.** (Đã đến lúc chúng ta đi.)
 **It's high time you started** studying seriously. (Đã đến lúc bạn bắt đầu học nghiêm túc.)

### 6. Would rather + S + Quá khứ đơn (muốn ai đó làm gì)

I **would rather you didn't** smoke here.
 She **would rather he stayed** at home.

### Bảng tổng hợp

| Cấu trúc | Thì/Dạng | Ý nghĩa |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Wish/If only + V2 (were) | Past Simple | Ước hiện tại khác đi |
| Wish/If only + had + V3 | Past Perfect | Ước quá khứ khác đi |
| Wish + S2 + would + V | Would + V-inf | Muốn ai đó thay đổi |
| Suggest/Insist + (should) + V | Bare infinitive | Đề xuất/yêu cầu |
| It's time + V2 | Past Simple | Đã đến lúc |
| Would rather + S2 + V2 | Past Simple | Muốn ai đó làm gì |

Bài #5 trong chuỗi [Xem riêng bài này →](https://tuyencongchuc.com/on-tap-vstep/vstep-npc-subjunctive-chi-tiet/)

Bài #6

M

MayMay

Biên tập viên

28/07/2026

#6 B2 28/07/2026

### [Bài tập giả định pháp — 25 câu trắc nghiệm](https://tuyencongchuc.com/on-tap-vstep/vstep-npc-bai-tap-subjunctive/)

**1.** I wish I _____ more time to finish the project.

A. have
B. had
C. will have
D. am having

**2.** If only she _____ here to help us.

A. is
B. was
C. were
D. has been

**3.** The teacher suggested that he _____ the assignment again.

A. does
B. did
C. do
D. doing

**4.** I wish I _____ that rude comment yesterday.

A. didn't make
B. hadn't made
C. don't make
D. won't make

**5.** It's high time you _____ a decision.

A. make
B. made
C. will make
D. making

**6.** I'd rather you _____ here during the meeting.

A. stay
B. stayed
C. staying
D. will stay

**7.** The committee insists that the proposal _____ revised.

A. is
B. be
C. was
D. being

**8.** If only it _____ raining! I want to go outside.

A. stops
B. stopped
C. would stop
D. will stop

**9.** She wishes she _____ harder for the VSTEP exam.

A. studies
B. studied
C. had studied
D. will study

**10.** The doctor recommended that he _____ smoking immediately.

A. stops
B. stopped
C. stop
D. stopping

**11.** I wish people _____ more considerate of others.

A. are
B. were
C. have been
D. will be

**12.** It's time we _____ about the future.

A. think
B. thought
C. will think
D. thinking

**13.** I'd rather she _____ the truth from the beginning.

A. tells
B. told
C. had told
D. will tell

**14.** The manager demanded that all employees _____ on time.

A. arrives
B. arrived
C. arrive
D. arriving

**15.** If only I _____ you earlier about the change.

A. inform
B. informed
C. had informed
D. will inform

**16.** She wishes her boss _____ so strict.

A. isn't
B. wasn't
C. weren't
D. won't be

**17.** It is essential that every student _____ the safety rules.

A. follows
B. followed
C. follow
D. following

**18.** I wish you _____ interrupting me when I'm speaking.

A. stop
B. stopped
C. would stop
D. will stop

**19.** The law requires that every driver _____ a seatbelt.

A. wears
B. wore
C. wear
D. wearing

**20.** If only we _____ a bigger house.

A. have
B. had
C. will have
D. are having

**21.** I'd rather you _____ that again.

A. don't do
B. didn't do
C. won't do
D. not doing

**22.** She suggested that we _____ the meeting to next week.

A. postpone
B. postponed
C. postpones
D. postponing

**23.** It's about time the government _____ action on climate change.

A. takes
B. took
C. will take
D. taking

**24.** I wish I _____ speak three languages fluently.

A. can
B. could
C. will
D. may

**25.** He insisted that she _____ present at the ceremony.

A. is
B. was
C. be
D. being

### ĐÁP ÁN

| Câu | ĐA | Câu | ĐA | Câu | ĐA | Câu | ĐA | Câu | ĐA |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **B** | 6 | **B** | 11 | **B** | 16 | **C** | 21 | **B** |
| 2 | **C** | 7 | **B** | 12 | **B** | 17 | **C** | 22 | **A** |
| 3 | **C** | 8 | **C** | 13 | **C** | 18 | **C** | 23 | **B** |
| 4 | **B** | 9 | **C** | 14 | **C** | 19 | **C** | 24 | **B** |
| 5 | **B** | 10 | **C** | 15 | **C** | 20 | **B** | 25 | **C** |

Bài #6 trong chuỗi [Xem riêng bài này →](https://tuyencongchuc.com/on-tap-vstep/vstep-npc-bai-tap-subjunctive/)

Bài #7

M

MayMay

Biên tập viên

28/07/2026

#7 B2 28/07/2026

### [Phân từ nâng cao — Rút gọn mệnh đề, phân từ hoàn thành](https://tuyencongchuc.com/on-tap-vstep/vstep-npc-participle-chi-tiet/)

## Phân từ nâng cao — Participial Clauses

### 1. Phân từ hiện tại (V-ing) — Rút gọn mệnh đề chủ động

The man **who is standing** there → The man **standing** there
 **Because she felt** tired, she went home → **Feeling** tired, she went home

### 2. Phân từ quá khứ (V-ed/V3) — Rút gọn mệnh đề bị động

The book **which was written** by her → The book **written** by her
 **Because he was injured** in the accident → **Injured** in the accident, he couldn't walk

### 3. Phân từ hoàn thành (Having + V3) — Hành động xảy ra trước

**After she had finished** the report → **Having finished** the report, she left.
 **After he had been promoted** → **Having been promoted**, he felt more confident.

### 4. Phân từ phủ định

**Not knowing** what to say, he remained silent.
 **Not having been invited**, she didn't attend the party.

### 5. With + O + Phân từ (Absolute construction)

**With the exam approaching**, students are studying harder.
 **With all the doors locked**, they felt safe.
 **With his homework done**, he went out to play.

### Lỗi thường gặp: Dangling participle

SAI: **Walking to school**, the rain started. (Mưa đi bộ?)
 ĐÚNG: **Walking to school**, **I** got caught in the rain.

*Quy tắc: Chủ ngữ của phân từ phải trùng với chủ ngữ của mệnh đề chính.*

### Bảng tổng hợp

| Dạng | Cấu trúc | Khi nào dùng |
| --- | --- | --- |
| V-ing | Doing, Seeing, Walking | Chủ động, đồng thời |
| V-ed/V3 | Done, Written, Injured | Bị động |
| Having + V3 | Having done, Having seen | Xảy ra trước (chủ động) |
| Having been + V3 | Having been told | Xảy ra trước (bị động) |
| Not + V-ing | Not knowing | Phân từ phủ định |
| With + O + V-ing/V3 | With the door open | Cấu trúc tuyệt đối |

Bài #7 trong chuỗi [Xem riêng bài này →](https://tuyencongchuc.com/on-tap-vstep/vstep-npc-participle-chi-tiet/)

Bài #8

M

MayMay

Biên tập viên

28/07/2026

#8 B2 28/07/2026

### [Bài tập phân từ — 25 câu trắc nghiệm](https://tuyencongchuc.com/on-tap-vstep/vstep-npc-bai-tap-participle/)

**1.** _____ the good news, she jumped for joy.

A. Hear
B. Hearing
C. Heard
D. Having hear

**2.** The letter _____ yesterday contained important information.

A. receiving
B. received
C. having received
D. receive

**3.** _____ all the preparations, they felt confident about the event.

A. Complete
B. Completing
C. Having completed
D. Completed

**4.** _____ in 1990, the building is now a historical landmark.

A. Building
B. Built
C. Having built
D. Being building

**5.** With the deadline _____, everyone worked overtime.

A. approach
B. approached
C. approaching
D. having approached

**6.** _____ what to do, she called her advisor.

A. Not know
B. Not knowing
C. Not known
D. Not knew

**7.** The students _____ in the lab must wear safety goggles.

A. work
B. working
C. worked
D. having worked

**8.** _____ promoted twice, he became the youngest director.

A. Being
B. Having been
C. Have been
D. Was

**9.** _____ carefully, the instructions are quite easy to follow.

A. Reading
B. Read
C. Having read
D. Reads

**10.** With all the lights _____, the room looked mysterious.

A. turning off
B. turned off
C. turn off
D. to turn off

**11.** The woman _____ next to me is my colleague.

A. sit
B. sat
C. sitting
D. having sat

**12.** _____ by the loud noise, the baby started crying.

A. Frightening
B. Frightened
C. Having frightening
D. Being frighten

**13.** _____ his homework, he went out to play.

A. Finish
B. Finishing
C. Having finished
D. Finished

**14.** The report _____ by the consultant was very thorough.

A. preparing
B. prepared
C. having prepared
D. prepare

**15.** _____ to the party, she stayed home.

A. Not inviting
B. Not being invited
C. Not having invited
D. Not invite

**16.** The movie, _____ in several countries, became a global hit.

A. film
B. filming
C. filmed
D. having film

**17.** With the sun _____, the temperature quickly rose.

A. rise
B. rising
C. risen
D. rose

**18.** _____ her keys at home, she couldn't enter the office.

A. Leave
B. Leaving
C. Having left
D. Left

**19.** The children _____ in the garden are my nieces.

A. play
B. played
C. playing
D. having played

**20.** _____ for his courage, the soldier received a medal.

A. Knowing
B. Known
C. Having knowing
D. Know

**21.** _____ tired after the long journey, they went straight to bed.

A. Feel
B. Felt
C. Feeling
D. Having feel

**22.** The goods _____ to the wrong address were returned.

A. delivering
B. delivered
C. deliver
D. having delivered

**23.** _____ never been abroad, she was excited about the trip.

A. Have
B. Having
C. Had
D. Has

**24.** With the project _____, the team celebrated.

A. complete
B. completing
C. completed
D. having complete

**25.** _____ from a wealthy family, she understood the value of hard work.

A. Not coming
B. Not come
C. Not came
D. Not having come

### ĐÁP ÁN

| Câu | ĐA | Câu | ĐA | Câu | ĐA | Câu | ĐA | Câu | ĐA |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **B** | 6 | **B** | 11 | **C** | 16 | **C** | 21 | **C** |
| 2 | **B** | 7 | **B** | 12 | **B** | 17 | **B** | 22 | **B** |
| 3 | **C** | 8 | **B** | 13 | **C** | 18 | **C** | 23 | **B** |
| 4 | **B** | 9 | **B** | 14 | **B** | 19 | **C** | 24 | **C** |
| 5 | **C** | 10 | **B** | 15 | **B** | 20 | **B** | 25 | **A** |

Bài #8 trong chuỗi [Xem riêng bài này →](https://tuyencongchuc.com/on-tap-vstep/vstep-npc-bai-tap-participle/)

Bài #9

M

MayMay

Biên tập viên

28/07/2026

#9 B2 28/07/2026

### [Cấu trúc nhấn mạnh — It is, What, So, Such, The thing is](https://tuyencongchuc.com/on-tap-vstep/vstep-npc-emphasis-structures/)

## Cấu trúc nhấn mạnh — Emphasis Structures

### 1. Emphatic do/does/did

I **do believe** that education is important.
 She **does work** very hard every day.
 They **did try** their best, but it wasn't enough.

### 2. So + adj/adv + that

The exam was **so difficult that** many students failed.
 He spoke **so quickly that** nobody understood him.

### 3. Such + (a/an) + N + that

It was **such a beautiful day that** we went to the beach.
 She made **such progress that** everyone was impressed.

### 4. It is ... that (Câu chẻ nhấn mạnh)

**It is hard work that** leads to success, not luck.
 **It was in 1969 that** humans first landed on the moon.

### 5. What ... is/was (Câu chẻ What)

**What matters most is** your attitude.
 **What we need is** more funding for research.

### 6. The very / The only / The first

This is **the very book** I was looking for. (chính là cuốn sách)
 She was **the only person** who helped me.
 He was **the first student** to finish the exam.

### 7. Đảo ngữ nhấn mạnh

**Never have I seen** such beauty.
 **Not only did she pass**, but she excelled.
 **So beautiful was** the sunset that we stopped to take photos.

### 8. Indeed / certainly / definitely / absolutely

This is **indeed** a challenging problem.
 She is **certainly** the most qualified candidate.
 The results were **absolutely** remarkable.

### Bảng so sánh: So vs Such

| Cấu trúc | Theo sau | Ví dụ |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **So** + adj/adv + that | Tính từ/Trạng từ | So *beautiful* that... |
| **Such** + (a/an) + N + that | Danh từ (có adj) | Such *a beautiful day* that... |
| **So** + many/much/few/little + N | Lượng từ + N | So *many people* that... |

**Mẹo VSTEP Writing:** Dùng emphatic "do/does/did" trong conclusion để nhấn mạnh quan điểm. Ví dụ: "I do believe that the benefits outweigh the drawbacks."

Bài #9 trong chuỗi [Xem riêng bài này →](https://tuyencongchuc.com/on-tap-vstep/vstep-npc-emphasis-structures/)

Bài #10

M

MayMay

Biên tập viên

28/07/2026

#10 B2 28/07/2026

### [Phủ định kép và cấu trúc phủ định nâng cao](https://tuyencongchuc.com/on-tap-vstep/vstep-npc-double-negative/)

Phủ định kép (double negative) trong tiếng Anh chuẩn tạo nghĩa khẳng định nhẹ, mang sắc thái tinh tế hơn khẳng định trực tiếp.

### 1. Not + un-/in-/im- (Phủ định kép = Khẳng định nhẹ)

Her work is **not unimpressive**. = Khá ấn tượng (nhẹ hơn "impressive")
 It is **not uncommon** for students to fail. = Khá phổ biến
 The idea is **not impossible**. = Có thể thực hiện được

### 2. Not without + N

The project was completed **not without difficulty**. = Có khá nhiều khó khăn
 She accepted the offer **not without hesitation**. = Có chút do dự

### 3. No less than / Nothing less than

The donation was **no less than $1 million**. = Ít nhất 1 triệu (nhấn mạnh lớn)
 His performance was **nothing less than brilliant**. = Thật sự xuất sắc

### 4. Nothing if not

She is **nothing if not persistent**. = Cô ấy cực kỳ kiên trì
 The plan is **nothing if not ambitious**. = Kế hoạch cực kỳ tham vọng

### 5. By no means / In no way / Under no circumstances

This is **by no means** the end. = Đây hoàn toàn không phải kết thúc
 She is **in no way** responsible. = Cô ấy hoàn toàn không chịu trách nhiệm
 **Under no circumstances** should you cheat. = Dù thế nào cũng không được gian lận

### 6. Neither ... nor

**Neither the teacher nor the students were** prepared.
 The product is **neither cheap nor** of high quality.

### 7. Can't help + V-ing (Không thể không)

I **can't help feeling** nervous. = Tôi không thể không lo lắng
 She **couldn't help laughing**. = Cô ấy không nhịn được cười

### Bảng tổng hợp sắc thái

| Cấu trúc | Nghĩa | Sắc thái |
| --- | --- | --- |
| not unimpressive | khá ấn tượng | Khẳng định nhẹ, thận trọng |
| not without difficulty | có nhiều khó khăn | Thừa nhận gián tiếp |
| nothing if not | cực kỳ, rất | Nhấn mạnh mạnh |
| by no means | hoàn toàn không | Phủ định mạnh |
| no less than | ít nhất, không dưới | Nhấn mạnh số lượng lớn |

**Mẹo VSTEP:** Sử dụng "not un-" và "not without" trong Writing để thể hiện văn phong academic, thận trọng — đặc biệt phù hợp với Task 2 essay.

Bài #10 trong chuỗi [Xem riêng bài này →](https://tuyencongchuc.com/on-tap-vstep/vstep-npc-double-negative/)

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**Bản markdown của trang:** https://tuyencongchuc.com/on-tap-vstep/thread/ngu-phap-nang-cao/

> Nội dung trên là bản tóm lược phục vụ tra cứu và ôn tập, được rút từ trang
> https://tuyencongchuc.com/on-tap-vstep/thread/ngu-phap-nang-cao/