Tài liệu tham khảo | Mức độ: B1-B2 | ~100 từ đại diện được liệt kê chi tiết
Dưới đây là danh sách 100 từ vựng học thuật đại diện (trong tổng số 200 từ thường gặp) được phân theo 5 nhóm chủ đề. Mỗi từ kèm phiên âm, nghĩa tiếng Việt, và ví dụ sử dụng trong câu.
Nhóm 1: Nghiên cứu và phân tích (Research & Analysis)
| Từ | Phiên âm | Nghĩa | Ví dụ |
| analyze | /ˈænəlaɪz/ | Phân tích | Researchers analyzed data from 50 countries. |
| approach | /əˈproʊtʃ/ | Cách tiếp cận | A new approach to language teaching was proposed. |
| assess | /əˈses/ | Đánh giá | The committee assessed the environmental impact. |
| assume | /əˈsuːm/ | Giả định | We cannot assume that all students learn the same way. |
| concept | /ˈkɒnsept/ | Khái niệm | The concept of sustainability has evolved significantly. |
| conclude | /kənˈkluːd/ | Kết luận | The study concluded that early intervention is effective. |
| conduct | /kənˈdʌkt/ | Tiến hành | Scientists conducted experiments over five years. |
| consist | /kənˈsɪst/ | Bao gồm | The program consists of three main components. |
| context | /ˈkɒntekst/ | Bối cảnh | The policy must be understood in its historical context. |
| data | /ˈdeɪtə/ | Dữ liệu | The data suggest a strong correlation. |
| demonstrate | /ˈdemənstreɪt/ | Chứng minh | The results demonstrate a clear pattern. |
| derive | /dɪˈraɪv/ | Rút ra, xuất phát từ | The theory is derived from empirical observations. |
| establish | /ɪˈstæblɪʃ/ | Thiết lập | The organization was established in 1995. |
| estimate | /ˈestɪmeɪt/ | Ước tính | Experts estimate the cost at $5 billion. |
| evaluate | /ɪˈvæljueɪt/ | Đánh giá | Teachers evaluate student performance regularly. |
| evidence | /ˈevɪdəns/ | Bằng chứng | There is strong evidence supporting this claim. |
| indicate | /ˈɪndɪkeɪt/ | Chỉ ra | Survey results indicate growing public concern. |
| interpret | /ɪnˈtɜːrprɪt/ | Diễn giải | Scholars interpret the findings differently. |
| method | /ˈmeθəd/ | Phương pháp | The method was tested across multiple settings. |
| occur | /əˈkɜːr/ | Xảy ra | These changes occur gradually over time. |
Nhóm 2: Xã hội và kinh tế (Society & Economy)
| Từ | Phiên âm | Nghĩa | Ví dụ |
| authority | /ɔːˈθɒrɪti/ | Cơ quan chức năng; quyền lực | Local authorities enforced the new regulation. |
| benefit | /ˈbenɪfɪt/ | Lợi ích | The policy provides significant benefits to workers. |
| community | /kəˈmjuːnɪti/ | Cộng đồng | The community came together to address the crisis. |
| constitute | /ˈkɒnstɪtjuːt/ | Cấu thành, tạo nên | Women constitute 52% of the workforce. |
| contribute | /kənˈtrɪbjuːt/ | Đóng góp | Tourism contributes 15% of GDP. |
| distribute | /dɪˈstrɪbjuːt/ | Phân phối | Resources are not distributed equally. |
| economy | /ɪˈkɒnəmi/ | Nền kinh tế | The economy has grown steadily since 2010. |
| environment | /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/ | Môi trường | Protecting the environment requires global cooperation. |
| factor | /ˈfæktər/ | Yếu tố | Several factors contribute to urban pollution. |
| income | /ˈɪnkʌm/ | Thu nhập | Average income has risen by 3% annually. |
| individual | /ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl/ | Cá nhân | Each individual has unique learning needs. |
| invest | /ɪnˈvest/ | Đầu tư | The company invested heavily in renewable energy. |
| labor | /ˈleɪbər/ | Lao động | The labor market has become more competitive. |
| maintain | /meɪnˈteɪn/ | Duy trì; cho rằng | Critics maintain that the policy is ineffective. |
| participate | /pɑːrˈtɪsɪpeɪt/ | Tham gia | Over 1,000 people participated in the survey. |
| percent | /pərˈsent/ | Phần trăm | Approximately 40 percent of respondents agreed. |
| policy | /ˈpɒlɪsi/ | Chính sách | Government policies affect every citizen. |
| regulate | /ˈreɡjʊleɪt/ | Điều tiết | The agency regulates food safety standards. |
| sector | /ˈsektər/ | Lĩnh vực, ngành | The technology sector has grown rapidly. |
| significant | /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/ | Đáng kể, quan trọng | There was a significant increase in enrollment. |
Nhóm 3: Khoa học và công nghệ (Science & Technology)
| Từ | Phiên âm | Nghĩa | Ví dụ |
| achieve | /əˈtʃiːv/ | Đạt được | Scientists achieved a major breakthrough. |
| affect | /əˈfekt/ | Ảnh hưởng | Climate change affects agricultural productivity. |
| alter | /ˈɔːltər/ | Thay đổi | Human activity has altered natural ecosystems. |
| complex | /ˈkɒmpleks/ | Phức tạp | The brain is an incredibly complex organ. |
| confirm | /kənˈfɜːrm/ | Xác nhận | Further tests confirmed the initial findings. |
| consequence | /ˈkɒnsɪkwəns/ | Hậu quả | Deforestation has severe consequences for wildlife. |
| consume | /kənˈsjuːm/ | Tiêu thụ | Developed nations consume more energy per capita. |
| device | /dɪˈvaɪs/ | Thiết bị | Wearable devices can monitor heart rate. |
| emerge | /ɪˈmɜːrdʒ/ | Xuất hiện, nổi lên | New technologies continue to emerge. |
| energy | /ˈenərdʒi/ | Năng lượng | Solar energy is becoming more affordable. |
| function | /ˈfʌŋkʃn/ | Chức năng | Each organ functions as part of a larger system. |
| generate | /ˈdʒenəreɪt/ | Tạo ra | Wind farms generate electricity for thousands of homes. |
| identify | /aɪˈdentɪfaɪ/ | Xác định, nhận diện | Scientists identified a new strain of the virus. |
| impact | /ˈɪmpækt/ | Tác động | Pollution has a negative impact on public health. |
| obtain | /əbˈteɪn/ | Có được, thu được | Researchers obtained consent from all participants. |
| process | /ˈprɒses/ | Quá trình | The process of photosynthesis converts light to energy. |
| resource | /rɪˈsɔːrs/ | Tài nguyên | Natural resources are being depleted rapidly. |
| structure | /ˈstrʌktʃər/ | Cấu trúc | The structure of DNA was discovered in 1953. |
| technology | /tekˈnɒlədʒi/ | Công nghệ | Technology has transformed modern communication. |
| variable | /ˈveəriəbl/ | Biến số | Several variables were controlled in the experiment. |
Nhóm 4: Giáo dục và phát triển (Education & Development)
| Từ | Phiên âm | Nghĩa | Ví dụ |
| acquire | /əˈkwaɪər/ | Tiếp thu, có được | Children acquire language through interaction. |
| adapt | /əˈdæpt/ | Thích nghi | Students must adapt to new learning environments. |
| adequate | /ˈædɪkwət/ | Đầy đủ, thỏa đáng | Schools need adequate funding for resources. |
| challenge | /ˈtʃælɪndʒ/ | Thách thức | Overcrowding is a major challenge in urban schools. |
| communicate | /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/ | Giao tiếp | Effective leaders communicate clearly with their teams. |
| create | /kriˈeɪt/ | Tạo ra | The program was created to support first-generation students. |
| define | /dɪˈfaɪn/ | Định nghĩa | Success can be defined in many different ways. |
| design | /dɪˈzaɪn/ | Thiết kế | The curriculum was designed for adult learners. |
| develop | /dɪˈveləp/ | Phát triển | Countries must develop sustainable growth strategies. |
| enable | /ɪˈneɪbl/ | Cho phép, tạo điều kiện | Scholarships enable students from low-income families to attend university. |
| enhance | /ɪnˈhæns/ | Nâng cao | Technology can enhance the learning experience. |
| focus | /ˈfoʊkəs/ | Tập trung | The study focuses on rural education. |
| involve | /ɪnˈvɒlv/ | Liên quan, bao hàm | The project involves collaboration with local communities. |
| motivate | /ˈmoʊtɪveɪt/ | Thúc đẩy, tạo động lực | Good teachers know how to motivate students. |
| outcome | /ˈaʊtkʌm/ | Kết quả | The outcome of the election surprised many analysts. |
| potential | /pəˈtenʃl/ | Tiềm năng | Every student has the potential to succeed. |
| promote | /prəˈmoʊt/ | Thúc đẩy, xúc tiến | The campaign promotes environmental awareness. |
| require | /rɪˈkwaɪər/ | Yêu cầu | The position requires a master's degree. |
| strategy | /ˈstrætədʒi/ | Chiến lược | Effective learning strategies vary by individual. |
| tradition | /trəˈdɪʃn/ | Truyền thống | Cultural traditions shape educational values. |
Nhóm 5: Lập luận và quan điểm (Argumentation & Opinion)
| Từ | Phiên âm | Nghĩa | Ví dụ |
| acknowledge | /əkˈnɒlɪdʒ/ | Thừa nhận | The author acknowledges the limitations of the study. |
| advocate | /ˈædvəkeɪt/ | Ủng hộ, vận động | Many experts advocate for stricter regulations. |
| argue | /ˈɑːrɡjuː/ | Lập luận | Some scholars argue that the policy has failed. |
| assert | /əˈsɜːrt/ | Khẳng định | The report asserts that reform is necessary. |
| claim | /kleɪm/ | Tuyên bố, cho rằng | Critics claim that the evidence is insufficient. |
| contrast | /ˈkɒntrɑːst/ | Tương phản | In contrast to the previous study, this one found no effect. |
| debate | /dɪˈbeɪt/ | Tranh luận | The debate over climate policy continues. |
| deny | /dɪˈnaɪ/ | Phủ nhận | Officials denied any wrongdoing. |
| emphasize | /ˈemfəsaɪz/ | Nhấn mạnh | The speaker emphasized the need for urgent action. |
| imply | /ɪmˈplaɪ/ | Ngụ ý | The data imply a connection between poverty and crime. |
| justify | /ˈdʒʌstɪfaɪ/ | Biện minh | How can we justify such high levels of spending? |
| oppose | /əˈpoʊz/ | Phản đối | Several groups oppose the construction project. |
| perspective | /pərˈspektɪv/ | Quan điểm, góc nhìn | The article presents multiple perspectives on the issue. |
| propose | /prəˈpoʊz/ | Đề xuất | The committee proposed a new framework. |
| refute | /rɪˈfjuːt/ | Bác bỏ | New evidence refutes the earlier hypothesis. |
| reject | /rɪˈdʒekt/ | Bác bỏ, từ chối | The board rejected the proposal unanimously. |
| reveal | /rɪˈviːl/ | Tiết lộ | The investigation revealed widespread corruption. |
| suggest | /səˈdʒest/ | Gợi ý, cho rằng | Research suggests that sleep affects memory. |
| support | /səˈpɔːrt/ | Ủng hộ, hỗ trợ | The findings support the original theory. |
| valid | /ˈvælɪd/ | Hợp lệ, có cơ sở | The argument is valid but needs more evidence. |
Cách sử dụng danh sách này
- Đọc mỗi ngày 10-15 từ — không cần học hết một lần.
- Tập đặt câu — tự viết 1 câu với mỗi từ mới.
- Tìm trong bài đọc — khi làm đề Reading, đánh dấu các từ trong danh sách xuất hiện.
- Học nhóm từ đồng nghĩa — ví dụ: suggest = imply = indicate = hint.
- Chú ý từ loại — nhiều từ có thể dùng làm cả danh từ và động từ (impact, contrast, process).
Ghi chú: Danh sách 100 từ còn lại (từ 101-200) bao gồm các từ như: abstract, acknowledge, accumulate, adjacent, anticipate, apparent, approximate, capacity, cease, circumstance, coincide, compatible, compensate, component, comprehensive, comprise, conceive, concurrent, confine, consent, considerable, contradict, controversy, conversely, criterion, crucial, currency, decline, deduce, discriminate, domain, dominant, draft, duration, eliminate, empirical, ensure, entity, equivalent, erode, ethnic, eventual, evolve, exceed, exclude, exhibit, explicit, extract, facilitate, fundamental, furthermore, guarantee, hence, hypothesis, ideology, ignore, illustrate, immigration, implicit, impose, incentive, inevitable, infrastructure, inherent, inhibit, initial, innovate, insight, integral, interact, intermediate, internal, intervene, isolate, legislate, likewise, margin, mechanism, minimize, modify, monitor, negate, neutral, norm, notion, notwithstanding, nuclear, objective, ongoing, orient, overall, paragraph, parameter, passive, phase, phenomenon, portion, precede, predominant, preliminary, presume, principal, prior, proceed, project, prospect, protocol, pursue, recover, refine, regime, reinforce, reluctant, restrict, retain, scenario, scope, simulate, sole, specify, status, subsequent, subsidiary, substitute, supplement, suspend, sustain, symbol, target, temporary, theme, thereby, thesis, transfer, transform, transit, trigger, ultimate, undergo, uniform, unique, utilize, verify, violate, virtual, voluntary, welfare, widespread.