Chọn đáp án đúng nhất.

1. The results were positive. _____, there is still room for improvement.

A. Moreover
B. Nevertheless
C. Therefore
D. Similarly

2. The data _____ that the trend is increasing.

A. proves
B. suggests
C. guarantees
D. ensures

3. We need to _____ the problem before it gets worse. (formal)

A. look into
B. investigate
C. check out
D. figure out

4. It _____ argued that technology has both benefits and drawbacks.

A. can
B. could be
C. should
D. must

5. _____, the evidence supports the hypothesis.

A. On the whole
B. On the other hand
C. On the contrary
D. On no account

6. The number of applicants _____ risen sharply this year.

A. have
B. has
C. are
D. were

7. She speaks English fluently, and _____ does her sister.

A. neither
B. nor
C. so
D. either

8. The situation is _____ complex than we initially thought.

A. more
B. much
C. very
D. so

9. _____ to budget constraints, the project was canceled.

A. Because
B. Owing
C. Despite
D. Although

10. This is _____ the most important decision of his career.

A. argue
B. argues
C. arguably
D. argument

11. _____ their efforts, the team failed to meet the deadline.

A. Despite
B. Although
C. Because of
D. Owing to

12. The results _____ to confirm the original hypothesis.

A. tend
B. prove
C. ensure
D. guarantee

13. _____, we recommend further research into this area.

A. In conclusion
B. In contrast
C. In addition
D. In spite of

14. A _____ number of participants dropped out of the study.

A. big
B. significant
C. lots
D. plenty

15. _____ that the benefits outweigh the risks, the treatment was approved.

A. Given
B. Despite
C. Although
D. Unless

16. She _____ to have a PhD from Harvard.

A. claims
B. tells
C. speaks
D. says

17. The policy has been _____ successful.

A. large
B. largely
C. big
D. biggest

18. _____ the question of funding, we also need to address staffing.

A. Apart from
B. Despite
C. Because of
D. Instead of

19. The evidence _____ indicate a correlation between the two factors.

A. do
B. does
C. is
D. are

20. It is _____ that education plays a vital role in development.

A. general accepted
B. generally accepted
C. general accepting
D. generally accepting

21. The problem is _____ to increasing population density.

A. attribute
B. attributed
C. attributing
D. attributes

22. Two factors, _____ cost and quality, determine consumer choice.

A. for example
B. namely
C. such
D. like as

23. There appears _____ a significant gap in the research.

A. being
B. to be
C. is
D. be

24. _____ improving, the situation remains challenging.

A. Despite
B. Although
C. While
D. However

25. The company has _____ established itself as a market leader.

A. firm
B. firmly
C. firming
D. firmed

26. It is _____ noting that these results are preliminary.

A. value
B. worth
C. worthy
D. valued

27. _____ as it may seem, the plan actually worked.

A. Strange
B. Strangely
C. Stranger
D. Strangest

28. The study _____ that more funding is needed.

A. concludes
B. conclusion
C. concluding
D. concluded to

29. We must take into _____ all the relevant factors.

A. account
B. consideration
C. both A and B
D. view

30. The government _____ to address this issue urgently.

A. need
B. needs
C. needing
D. needed to being

31–50: (Mỗi câu chọn đáp án phù hợp nhất — trắc nghiệm tổng hợp)

31. Had I known, I _____ have acted differently.

A. will
B. would
C. could
D. Both B and C

32. She is _____ experienced _____ she was offered the position immediately.

A. so...that
B. such...that
C. too...to
D. enough...that

33. All _____ needed is a bit more time.

A. what is
B. that is
C. is
D. which is

34. _____ to the CEO, the reorganization will benefit everyone.

A. According
B. Owing
C. Due
D. Thanks

35. She would rather her children _____ more time reading.

A. spend
B. spent
C. spending
D. spends

36. The building, _____ in 1850, is a protected monument.

A. building
B. built
C. was built
D. being building

37. Not a single complaint _____ received.

A. has been
B. have been
C. were
D. are

38. _____ you need assistance, please contact our support team.

A. Should
B. Were
C. Had
D. Would

39. The proposal was rejected, _____ reducing the chances of reform.

A. so
B. thereby
C. therefore
D. however

40. It is imperative that the report _____ submitted on time.

A. is
B. be
C. was
D. being

41. She got her assistant _____ the arrangements.

A. make
B. made
C. to make
D. making

42. _____ beautiful was the music that the audience was moved to tears.

A. So
B. Such
C. Very
D. Too

43. The research, _____ by Dr. Lee, was published last month.

A. conducting
B. conducted
C. conduct
D. having conduct

44. "I haven't finished." — "Neither _____ I."

A. did
B. do
C. have
D. am

45. These results are consistent _____ previous findings.

A. to
B. with
C. for
D. by

46. Only by investing in education _____ a country develop sustainably.

A. does
B. can
C. will
D. is

47. The manager insisted _____ everyone attend the meeting.

A. on
B. that
C. for
D. to

48. _____ to popular belief, coffee in moderation is not harmful.

A. Contrary
B. Despite
C. Although
D. Instead

49. With the new system _____, efficiency has improved by 30%.

A. implement
B. implementing
C. implemented
D. to implement

50. It was not until 2020 _____ the importance of remote work was recognized.

A. when
B. that
C. which
D. where

ĐÁP ÁN

Câu	ĐA	Câu	ĐA	Câu	ĐA	Câu	ĐA	Câu	ĐA
1	B	11	A	21	B	31	D	41	C
2	B	12	A	22	B	32	A	42	A
3	B	13	A	23	B	33	B	43	B
4	B	14	B	24	C	34	A	44	C
5	A	15	A	25	B	35	B	45	B
6	B	16	A	26	B	36	B	46	B
7	C	17	B	27	A	37	A	47	B
8	A	18	A	28	A	38	A	48	A
9	B	19	B	29	C	39	B	49	C
10	C	20	B	30	B	40	B	50	B

Thời gian: 30 phút | Điểm: 1 điểm/câu

1. Hardly _____ the office when the phone rang.

A. had I entered
B. I had entered
C. did I enter
D. I entered

2. It was _____ she called that I realized the problem.

A. when
B. not until
C. after
D. before

3. The committee demanded that the report _____.

A. is submitted
B. be submitted
C. was submitted
D. submits

4. _____ completed the training, she was assigned to the new project.

A. Have
B. Having
C. Had
D. Has

5. Were it not for gravity, objects _____ float away.

A. will
B. would
C. can
D. may

6. The evidence _____ suggest a link between diet and health.

A. do
B. does
C. is
D. are

7. She had her portrait _____ by a famous artist.

A. paint
B. painted
C. painting
D. to paint

8. _____ impressive the results are, we need more data.

A. However
B. Whatever
C. Whoever
D. Whichever

9. The temperature of the desert is higher than _____ the forest.

A. it of
B. one of
C. that of
D. this of

10. It's about time the company _____ its policies.

A. updates
B. updated
C. update
D. will update

11. So _____ was the noise that we couldn't sleep.

A. big
B. loud
C. much
D. many

12. I wish I _____ that embarrassing comment at the party.

A. didn't make
B. hadn't made
C. don't make
D. won't make

13. _____ the fact that he was tired, he continued working.

A. Despite
B. Although
C. Because of
D. Due to

14. He is said _____ the youngest professor in the university's history.

A. being
B. to be
C. that is
D. is

15. Under no circumstances _____ this information be shared.

A. can
B. should
C. does
D. is

16. _____ to popular belief, moderate exercise is safe during pregnancy.

A. Contrary
B. Despite
C. Against
D. Unlike

17. She got her brother _____ help her move.

A. help
B. helped
C. to help
D. helping

18. The project was completed not _____ some difficulty.

A. despite
B. although
C. without
D. because

19. What the economy needs _____ more investment in infrastructure.

A. are
B. is
C. were
D. have

20. Only when you experience failure _____ truly appreciate success.

A. you can
B. can you
C. you will
D. will

21. The policy _____ into effect next month.

A. comes
B. will come
C. is coming
D. All are correct

22. _____ having been warned, he still made the same mistake.

A. Despite
B. Although
C. In spite
D. However

23. Neither the students _____ the teacher was satisfied with the results.

A. or
B. and
C. nor
D. but

24. She _____ enjoy the performance — it was outstanding!

A. do
B. does
C. did
D. doing

25. Had the weather been better, we _____ gone to the beach.

A. will have
B. would have
C. could
D. should

26. The research _____ by Professor Lee was groundbreaking.

A. conducting
B. conducted
C. conduct
D. conducts

27. She is nothing if not _____.

A. determined
B. determine
C. determination
D. determinedly

28. I'd rather she _____ told me the truth.

A. has
B. have
C. had
D. having

29. _____, the study has several limitations.

A. Having said that
B. Despite that said
C. Although said
D. In spite said

30. The car needs _____ before the road trip.

A. service
B. servicing
C. serviced
D. to servicing

31. By no means _____ this the final version.

A. this is
B. is this
C. was this
D. this was

32. _____ everyone is aware, the deadline is next Friday.

A. Like
B. As
C. Such
D. So

33. She suggested _____ we take a different approach.

A. what
B. that
C. which
D. who

34. The results of this experiment differ from _____ of the previous one.

A. that
B. those
C. ones
D. it

35. _____ should you attempt this without proper training.

A. At times
B. At no time
C. Some time
D. By the time

36. "Would you like to come?" — "I'd love _____."

A. it
B. to
C. so
D. that

37. With the deadline _____, everyone was stressed.

A. approach
B. approaching
C. approached
D. approaches

38. Such _____ the impact of the decision that it changed the industry.

A. is
B. was
C. has
D. had

39. It is essential that every employee _____ the new guidelines.

A. follows
B. follow
C. followed
D. following

40. The problem is _____ complex _____ it requires expert attention.

A. so...that
B. such...that
C. too...to
D. enough...for

ĐÁP ÁN

Câu	ĐA	Câu	ĐA	Câu	ĐA	Câu	ĐA
1	A	11	B	21	D	31	B
2	B	12	B	22	A	32	B
3	B	13	A	23	C	33	B
4	B	14	B	24	C	34	B
5	B	15	B	25	B	35	B
6	B	16	A	26	B	36	B
7	B	17	C	27	A	37	B
8	A	18	C	28	C	38	B
9	C	19	B	29	A	39	B
10	B	20	B	30	B	40	A

Thời gian: 30 phút

Đề 2 tập trung vào các dạng hay gặp trong đề thi VSTEP thật: sentence transformation, error identification, và cloze test.

PHẦN 1: Chọn đáp án đúng (Câu 1–20)

1. No sooner _____ than everyone started leaving.

A. the speech ended
B. had the speech ended
C. did the speech end
D. the speech had ended

2. She _____ have the report ready by tomorrow.

A. is said
B. is said to
C. said that
D. it is said

3. _____ she more experienced, she would have handled it better.

A. If
B. Were
C. Had
D. Should

4. The house _____ in the earthquake needs to be rebuilt.

A. damaging
B. damaged
C. was damaged
D. having damaged

5. It is crucial that he _____ informed immediately.

A. is
B. be
C. was
D. being

6. _____ beautiful the scenery was!

A. What
B. How
C. Such
D. So

7. She got the plumber _____ the leak.

A. fix
B. fixed
C. to fix
D. fixing

8. I can't help _____ worried about the exam.

A. feel
B. to feel
C. feeling
D. felt

9. _____ for your generosity, we couldn't have completed the project.

A. If not
B. But
C. Unless
D. Were it not

10. The sooner we start, the _____ we will finish.

A. soon
B. sooner
C. soonest
D. more soon

11. She spoke _____ quietly that nobody could hear her.

A. such
B. so
C. very
D. too

12. Each of the proposals _____ been carefully reviewed.

A. have
B. has
C. are
D. were

13. _____ he told us was completely false.

A. That
B. Which
C. What
D. It

14. The meeting has been _____ until next week.

A. put off
B. put on
C. put up
D. put out

15. Were I _____ position, I would resign.

A. in your
B. at your
C. on your
D. by your

16. _____ having no formal training, she became a successful artist.

A. Although
B. Despite
C. In spite
D. However

17. Not a word _____ spoken during the entire ceremony.

A. has
B. was
C. were
D. did

18. The results are _____ with the initial hypothesis.

A. consistent
B. consisting
C. consisted
D. consist

19. She must _____ very tired after the long flight.

A. be
B. been
C. being
D. to be

20. _____ she known the truth, she wouldn't have agreed.

A. If
B. Were
C. Had
D. Should

PHẦN 2: Tìm lỗi sai (Câu 21–30)

21. Despite of his age, he runs five kilometers every day.

22. The amount of students attending the lecture has increased.

23. She suggested him to apply for the scholarship.

24. Not only she is talented, but she is also hardworking.

25. Having not received a reply, she sent another email.

26. The informations provided were very useful.

27. He is one of the students who has won the award.

28. I wish I can travel more often.

29. She had her essay checking by a native speaker.

30. Hardly she had finished when the bell rang.

PHẦN 3: Điền từ phù hợp (Câu 31–40)

31. The government _____ (should/must/could) take immediate action.

32. _____ (Nevertheless/Moreover/Therefore), the findings are promising.

33. It _____ (appears/proves/ensures) that the theory is correct.

34. A _____ (considerable/lots/plenty) number of people attended.

35. _____ (Owing/Despite/Although) to the delay, we missed the flight.

36. The problem needs _____ (address/addressing/addressed) urgently.

37. _____ (What/It/That) surprised me was his honesty.

38. She is _____ (arguably/argues/argument) the best in the team.

39. We must take _____ (into/in/on) account all the factors.

40. _____ (Provided/Unless/Despite) that you work hard, you will succeed.

ĐÁP ÁN

Phần 1: 1-B, 2-B, 3-B, 4-B, 5-B, 6-B, 7-C, 8-C, 9-B, 10-B, 11-B, 12-B, 13-C, 14-A, 15-A, 16-B, 17-B, 18-A, 19-A, 20-C

Phần 2: 21-Despite (bỏ of), 22-number (đếm được), 23-that he apply, 24-is she, 25-Not having, 26-information, 27-have, 28-could, 29-checked, 30-had she finished (đảo ngữ)

Phần 3: 31-should, 32-Nevertheless, 33-appears, 34-considerable, 35-Owing, 36-addressing, 37-What, 38-arguably, 39-into, 40-Provided

Thời gian: 30 phút | Đề cuối — mô phỏng độ khó thi thật

1. _____ had she sat down _____ the doorbell rang.

A. Hardly...when
B. No sooner...than
C. Scarcely...when
D. Both A and C

2. If I _____ harder at school, I _____ a better job now.

A. studied / will have
B. had studied / would have
C. study / have
D. would study / had

3. The report, _____ by two independent experts, confirmed the findings.

A. reviewing
B. reviewed
C. having reviewing
D. was reviewed

4. _____ we implement the changes immediately, the situation will worsen.

A. Provided
B. Unless
C. Should
D. Were

5. She is widely _____ to be the leading authority in her field.

A. considered
B. considering
C. consider
D. considerate

6. _____ his lack of experience, he performed remarkably well.

A. In spite
B. Notwithstanding
C. Although
D. However

7. The museum, _____ attracts millions of visitors annually, was renovated last year.

A. that
B. which
C. it
D. where

8. All that _____ is a little patience.

A. need
B. needs
C. is needed
D. Both B and C

9. I _____ the movie — it was absolutely fascinating.

A. do enjoy
B. did enjoy
C. does enjoy
D. enjoy do

10. Such _____ the demand that the company doubled production.

A. is
B. was
C. has been
D. were

11. _____ to say, the proposal was rejected unanimously.

A. Needless
B. Needful
C. Needed
D. Needing

12. She would rather he _____ the decision without consulting her.

A. doesn't make
B. didn't make
C. hadn't made
D. won't make

13. The CEO, along with the board members, _____ to attend the conference.

A. are expected
B. is expected
C. were expected
D. have expected

14. _____ you need further assistance, please do not hesitate to contact us.

A. Would
B. Should
C. Had
D. Were

15. She made _____ progress that everyone was astonished.

A. so
B. such
C. very
D. too

16. The scholarship, for _____ she had applied, was awarded to someone else.

A. that
B. which
C. whom
D. whose

17. Not _____ did he apologize, but he also offered compensation.

A. just
B. only
C. merely
D. All are correct

18. _____ the consequences, she went ahead with the plan.

A. Regardless of
B. Regarding
C. In regard to
D. With regard

19. It _____ be emphasized that these results are preliminary.

A. can
B. could
C. should
D. All are correct

20. He acted as if he _____ nothing about the incident.

A. knows
B. knew
C. has known
D. would know

21. _____ to the research, there is a strong correlation between the two variables.

A. Owing
B. According
C. Due
D. Thanks

22. The experiment was conducted _____ strict laboratory conditions.

A. in
B. under
C. with
D. by

23. She spoke with _____ confidence that she won everyone over.

A. so
B. such
C. very
D. much

24. Having _____ promoted, she moved to a bigger office.

A. be
B. being
C. been
D. was

25. _____ it not for the traffic, we would have arrived on time.

A. Were
B. Had
C. If
D. Should

26. The findings are _____ with those of previous studies.

A. consist
B. consistent
C. consisting
D. consistency

27. She is _____ to have invented a new type of battery.

A. claim
B. claiming
C. claimed
D. claims

28. _____ working 12-hour shifts, she never complains.

A. Despite
B. Although
C. However
D. Nevertheless

29. The quality of these products is superior to _____ our competitors.

A. this of
B. that of
C. one of
D. it of

30. It is _____ that regular exercise improves mental health.

A. well established
B. well establishing
C. good established
D. good establishing

31. By the time we arrived, the concert _____.

A. already started
B. had already started
C. has already started
D. already starts

32. _____ else fails, we can always try plan B.

A. If all
B. Should all
C. Were all
D. Had all

33. She _____ criticized for her decision, but she stood firm.

A. has
B. was
C. had
D. Both B and C

34. The book, _____ author won the Nobel Prize, is a bestseller.

A. that
B. which
C. whose
D. whom

35. _____ on the evidence, we recommend the following course of action.

A. Base
B. Based
C. Basing
D. To base

36. He made it clear that he _____ tolerate any further delays.

A. will not
B. would not
C. does not
D. did not

37. A thorough investigation _____ been conducted before any conclusions are drawn.

A. must has
B. must have
C. should have
D. Both B and C

38. _____ you finish early, you may leave the examination room.

A. Should
B. Were
C. Had
D. Unless

39. The _____ we analyze the data, the more patterns we discover.

A. much
B. many
C. more
D. most

40. Never in my career _____ encountered such a challenging project.

A. I have
B. have I
C. I had
D. had I

ĐÁP ÁN

Câu	ĐA	Câu	ĐA	Câu	ĐA	Câu	ĐA
1	D	11	A	21	B	31	B
2	B	12	C	22	B	32	A
3	B	13	B	23	B	33	D
4	B	14	B	24	C	34	C
5	A	15	B	25	B	35	B
6	B	16	B	26	B	36	B
7	B	17	D	27	C	37	D
8	D	18	A	28	A	38	A
9	B	19	D	29	B	39	C
10	B	20	B	30	A	40	B

Tổng kết ngữ pháp nâng cao — 15 cấu trúc

Mindmap tổng quan

15 cấu trúc ngữ pháp nâng cao chia thành 5 nhóm:

Nhóm	Cấu trúc	Bài
A. Nhấn mạnh	1. Đảo ngữ (Inversion)	Bài 1–2
	2. Câu chẻ (Cleft sentences)	Bài 3–4
	3. Cấu trúc nhấn mạnh (So/Such, Emphatic do)	Bài 9
B. Giả định	4. Giả định pháp (Subjunctive)	Bài 5–6
	5. Mixed Conditionals	Bài 11–12
	6. Phủ định kép	Bài 10
C. Rút gọn	7. Phân từ (Participial clauses)	Bài 7–8
	8. Ellipsis & Substitution	Bài 14
	9. Bị động nâng cao (Causative)	Bài 13
D. Văn phong	10. Discourse markers	Bài 16
	11. Hedging language	Bài 17
	12. Formal vs Informal	Bài 18
E. Luyện tập	13. Error correction	Bài 19
	14. Sentence transformation	Bài 20
	15. Đề thi thử (3 đề)	Bài 22–24

Bảng ôn tập nhanh — 15 cấu trúc

#	Cấu trúc	Ví dụ mẫu	Dùng khi
1	Đảo ngữ	Never have I seen...	Nhấn mạnh mở đầu câu
2	It-cleft	It was John who...	Nhấn mạnh thành phần cụ thể
3	What-cleft	What we need is...	Nhấn mạnh hành động
4	Wish/If only	I wish I had studied...	Diễn đạt tiếc nuối
5	Suggest + V	...suggested he take...	Đề xuất trang trọng
6	Mixed Cond.	If I had..., I would be...	QK ảnh hưởng HT
7	Having + V3	Having finished, she left.	Rút gọn mệnh đề
8	With + O + V3	With the door closed,...	Miêu tả hoàn cảnh
9	Have sth done	I had my car repaired.	Nhờ/thuê ai làm gì
10	It is said that	He is said to be...	Trình bày gián tiếp
11	So/Neither	So do I. / Neither can I.	Đồng ý/phản đối
12	That of	...than that of Vietnam.	So sánh tránh lặp
13	Hedging	It appears that...	Văn phong academic
14	Discourse markers	Nevertheless,...	Liên kết đoạn văn
15	Phủ định kép	not unimpressive	Khẳng định nhẹ/thận trọng

Chiến lược áp dụng trong VSTEP

Kỹ năng	Cấu trúc nên dùng	Số lượng đề xuất
Writing Task 1	Formal vocabulary, hedging, discourse markers	3–5 cấu trúc/bài
Writing Task 2	Đảo ngữ, câu chẻ, emphatic do, mixed conditionals	4–6 cấu trúc/bài
Speaking	Hedging (It seems...), discourse markers, cleft	2–3 cấu trúc/câu trả lời
Reading/Listening	Nhận diện tất cả 15 cấu trúc khi gặp	—

Kế hoạch ôn tập 2 tuần

Ngày	Nội dung	Bài tập
1–2	Đảo ngữ + Câu chẻ	Bài 2 + Bài 4
3–4	Giả định pháp + Mixed Conditionals	Bài 6 + Bài 12
5–6	Phân từ + Bị động nâng cao	Bài 8
7	Nhấn mạnh + Phủ định kép	Bài tập tổng hợp 1
8–9	Discourse markers + Hedging + Formal/Informal	Bài tập tổng hợp 2
10	Error correction + Sentence transformation	Bài 19 + 20
11	Đề thi thử số 1	Bài 22
12	Đề thi thử số 2	Bài 23
13	Đề thi thử số 3	Bài 24
14	Ôn lại câu sai + nghỉ ngơi	—

Chúc bạn nắm vững 15 cấu trúc ngữ pháp nâng cao và đạt kết quả cao trong VSTEP!