Error Analysis — Phân tích lỗi 5 bài viết VSTEP thật
Phân tích lỗi (error analysis) là cách học hiệu quả nhất để cải thiện Writing. Dưới đây là 5 đoạn văn mẫu có lỗi từ bài thi thật, kèm phân tích chi tiết và bản sửa.
Đoạn 1: Task 2 — Chủ đề giáo dục (B1)
Bài gốc (có lỗi):
Nowaday, education is very important for everyone. Although the government spend a lot of money for education, but many students still cannot go to school. Because they live in remote area and their family are very poor. I think the government should build more school and give scholarship for poor student. If the government do this, the education system will more better.
Phân tích lỗi:
| # | Lỗi | Loại | Sửa |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Nowaday | Chính tả | Nowadays |
| 2 | government spend | Hòa hợp chủ-vị | government spends |
| 3 | spend money for | Giới từ | spend money on |
| 4 | although... but | Liên từ thừa | Bỏ but |
| 5 | Because they live... (fragment) | Câu thiếu | Nối vào câu trước bằng dấu phẩy |
| 6 | remote area | Số ít/nhiều | remote areas |
| 7 | their family are | Hòa hợp chủ-vị | their families are |
| 8 | more school, poor student | Số ít/nhiều | more schools, poor students |
| 9 | government do | Hòa hợp chủ-vị | government does |
| 10 | more better | So sánh | better (bỏ more) |
Bản sửa:
Nowadays, education is very important for everyone. Although the government spends a lot of money on education, many students still cannot go to school because they live in remote areas and their families are very poor. I think the government should build more schools and give scholarships to poor students. If the government does this, the education system will be better.
Đoạn 2: Task 1 — Thư phàn nàn (B1)
Bài gốc (có lỗi):
Dear sir, I write this letter to complaint about the service in your restaurant. Last Saturday, I go to your restaurant with my family. We wait for 30 minutes but nobody come to take our order. The food was not fresh and the price is very expensive. I hope you will solve this problem and give us a apologize.
Phân tích lỗi:
| # | Lỗi | Loại | Sửa |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Dear sir | Viết hoa | Dear Sir |
| 2 | I write | Thì | I am writing |
| 3 | to complaint | Loại từ | to complain (động từ) |
| 4 | I go, We wait, nobody come | Thì | I went, We waited, nobody came |
| 5 | the price is very expensive | Collocation | the prices were very high |
| 6 | a apologize | Mạo từ + loại từ | an apology |
Bản sửa:
Dear Sir, I am writing this letter to complain about the service at your restaurant. Last Saturday, I went to your restaurant with my family. We waited for 30 minutes but nobody came to take our order. The food was not fresh and the prices were very high. I hope you will solve this problem and offer us an apology.
Đoạn 3: Task 2 — Chủ đề môi trường (B1-B2)
Bài gốc (có lỗi):
In recent years, the enviroment pollution become a serious problem in Vietnam. There are many factories release toxic waste to the river. The goverment has implement many policies to protect enviroment, however it is not enough. In my opinion, we should raise people awareness about this issue. Moreover, the companies who violate the law should be punish severely.
Phân tích lỗi:
| # | Lỗi | Loại | Sửa |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | enviroment (×2) | Chính tả | environment |
| 2 | pollution become | Thì + hòa hợp | pollution has become |
| 3 | factories release | Cấu trúc | factories that release |
| 4 | release... to the river | Giới từ | release... into rivers |
| 5 | goverment | Chính tả | government |
| 6 | has implement | Thì | has implemented |
| 7 | however it | Dấu câu | however, it / ; however, |
| 8 | people awareness | Sở hữu | people's awareness |
| 9 | companies who | Đại từ quan hệ | companies that/which |
| 10 | should be punish | Bị động | should be punished |
Bản sửa:
In recent years, environmental pollution has become a serious problem in Vietnam. There are many factories that release toxic waste into rivers. The government has implemented many policies to protect the environment; however, it is not enough. In my opinion, we should raise people's awareness about this issue. Moreover, the companies that violate the law should be punished severely.
Đoạn 4: Task 2 — Chủ đề công nghệ (B2)
Bài gốc (có lỗi):
Nowadays, technology effects every aspects of our lives. Many people argue that technology make our life easier, while others believe it has negative impacts. In one hand, technology helps us to communicating with each other more conveniently. Students can access to a wide range of information on internet. In the other hand, spending too much time on social media lead to many health problems, such as obesity and depression.
Phân tích lỗi:
| # | Lỗi | Loại | Sửa |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | effects | Từ vựng | affects (động từ) |
| 2 | every aspects | Số ít/nhiều | every aspect |
| 3 | technology make | Hòa hợp chủ-vị | technology makes |
| 4 | In one hand... In the other hand | Thành ngữ | On the one hand... On the other hand |
| 5 | helps us to communicating | Dạng động từ | helps us communicate / helps us to communicate |
| 6 | access to | Cấu trúc | access (không cần to) |
| 7 | on internet | Mạo từ | on the internet |
| 8 | spending... lead to | Hòa hợp chủ-vị | spending... leads to |
Đoạn 5: Task 1 — Thư xin lỗi (B1)
Bài gốc (có lỗi):
Dear Mr. Tuan, I am writing to apologize about missing the meeting yesterday. I was stuck in a traffic jam and my phone run out of battery so I could not contact to you. I very regret for this inconvenience. I promise this will not happen in the future. I would like to reschedule the meeting in a time that is convenient for you. I look forward to hear from you.
Phân tích lỗi:
| # | Lỗi | Loại | Sửa |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | apologize about | Giới từ | apologize for |
| 2 | phone run out | Thì | phone ran out |
| 3 | contact to you | Giới từ thừa | contact you (bỏ to) |
| 4 | I very regret | Cấu trúc | I deeply regret / I am very sorry for |
| 5 | happen in the future | Giới từ | happen again / happen in the future (chấp nhận được) |
| 6 | reschedule... in a time | Giới từ | reschedule... at a time |
| 7 | look forward to hear | Dạng động từ | look forward to hearing |
Bản sửa:
Dear Mr. Tuan, I am writing to apologize for missing the meeting yesterday. I was stuck in a traffic jam and my phone ran out of battery, so I could not contact you. I deeply regret this inconvenience. I promise this will not happen again. I would like to reschedule the meeting at a time that is convenient for you. I look forward to hearing from you.
Tổng kết — Top 5 lỗi cần tránh nhất
- Hòa hợp chủ-vị — luôn kiểm tra chủ ngữ số ít hay số nhiều.
- Sai thì động từ — xác định ngữ cảnh quá khứ hay hiện tại.
- Sai giới từ — học collocations (interested in, apologize for, spend on).
- Fragment / Run-on — mỗi câu phải có đủ chủ ngữ + vị ngữ.
- Lỗi chính tả quen thuộc — government, environment, occurred.