Task 2: Dạng Advantages & Disadvantages
Dạng Advantages & Disadvantages yêu cầu bạn trình bày ưu điểm và nhược điểm của một hiện tượng, xu hướng hoặc chính sách, sau đó nêu quan điểm cá nhân.
1. Nhận diện đề Advantages & Disadvantages
Các cụm từ thường gặp:
- "What are the advantages and disadvantages of…?"
- "Discuss the advantages and disadvantages."
- "Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?"
2. Hai cách cấu trúc bài
| Cách | Cấu trúc | Khi nào dùng |
|---|---|---|
| Cách 1: Chia đều | Thân 1 = Advantages, Thân 2 = Disadvantages | Khi đề hỏi "What are the advantages and disadvantages?" |
| Cách 2: Nghiêng về 1 phía | Thân 1 = Phía mạnh hơn (2 ý), Thân 2 = Phía yếu hơn (1 ý) | Khi đề hỏi "Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?" |
3. Từ vựng chuyên dụng
| Nói về ưu điểm | Nói về nhược điểm |
|---|---|
| One major benefit is… | One notable drawback is… |
| A key advantage is that… | A significant disadvantage is that… |
| This brings about positive effects such as… | This may lead to negative consequences including… |
| … plays a beneficial role in… | … poses a serious threat to… |
| … contributes significantly to… | … has a detrimental impact on… |
4. Đề bài và bài mẫu (~260 từ)
Đề bài: "More and more people are choosing to live in cities rather than in rural areas. Do the advantages of urban living outweigh the disadvantages?"
The trend of rural-to-urban migration has accelerated dramatically in recent decades. While city life presents certain challenges, I believe that the advantages of urban living outweigh the disadvantages.
The most compelling benefit of living in a city is access to superior employment and educational opportunities. Cities are home to major corporations, universities and research institutions, offering residents a wider range of career paths and higher salaries. For example, in Vietnam, average incomes in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City are approximately 2-3 times higher than in rural provinces. Additionally, urban areas provide better healthcare facilities and cultural amenities, contributing to a higher overall quality of life.
Nevertheless, urban living does have notable drawbacks. The most significant is the high cost of living, particularly regarding housing. In major cities, property prices have risen to levels that many young professionals cannot afford. Furthermore, traffic congestion and air pollution remain persistent problems that negatively affect residents' health and daily commute. However, these issues can be mitigated through effective urban planning and government policies such as affordable housing schemes and investment in public transport.
In conclusion, despite the challenges of high living costs and environmental concerns, the advantages of urban living — including better career prospects, education and healthcare — clearly outweigh the drawbacks. With proper planning, cities can become even more liveable in the future.
5. Phân tích bài mẫu
| Tiêu chí | Nhận xét |
|---|---|
| Task Achievement | Trình bày cả advantages và disadvantages, nêu rõ quan điểm "outweigh" |
| Coherence | 4 đoạn logic, từ nối hiệu quả: Additionally, Nevertheless, Furthermore, However |
| Vocabulary | Từ vựng nâng cao: compelling benefit, persistent problems, mitigated, amenities |
| Grammar | Câu phức đa dạng: While…, that many professionals cannot afford, including… |
6. Mẹo đạt điểm cao dạng Adv/Disadv
- Luôn nêu quan điểm: Nếu đề hỏi "outweigh", phải nói rõ advantages hay disadvantages lớn hơn.
- Đừng liệt kê: Mỗi đoạn chỉ 1-2 luận điểm, phát triển sâu bằng PEEL.
- Dùng concession: Ở đoạn nhược điểm, thêm "However, this can be addressed by…" để thể hiện tư duy phản biện.
- Kết bài phải nhất quán: Nếu mở bài nói advantages outweigh thì kết bài cũng phải khẳng định lại.