Problem Solution — Vấn đề giải pháp cấu trúc mẫu

Problem Solution — Cấu trúc dạng bài và bài mẫu

Dạng bài Problem & Solution yêu cầu thí sinh mô tả một vấn đề và đề xuất giải pháp cụ thể. Khác với Cause-Effect-Solution, dạng này tập trung vào mô tả vấn đề (không yêu cầu phân tích nguyên nhân sâu) và giải pháp thực tế.

1. Nhận diện đề bài

Các cụm từ đặc trưng:

• "What problems does this cause? What solutions can you suggest?"
• "How has this become a problem? What can be done to solve it?"
• "Describe the issues and recommend measures to address them."

2. Cấu trúc bài viết (4 đoạn)

3. Template câu mở đầu từng đoạn

Introduction

• "[Vấn đề] has emerged as a significant challenge in modern society."
• "This essay will outline the key problems associated with [topic] and propose viable solutions."

Body 1 — Problems

• "The most serious problem is..."
• "This leads to / results in / causes..."
• "Another pressing issue is..."
• "As a consequence, many people / communities..."

Body 2 — Solutions

• "Several practical solutions can help mitigate these problems."
• "The most effective measure would be to..."
• "In addition, [stakeholder] should..."
• "This approach has proven successful in [country/context]."

Conclusion

• "To summarize, [vấn đề] creates serious challenges, but practical solutions are available."
• "Immediate action from both individuals and authorities is necessary to..."

4. Bài mẫu: Rác thải nhựa (Plastic Waste)

Đề bài: "Plastic waste is a growing environmental problem. What problems does it cause? What solutions can you suggest?"

Bài mẫu (~250 từ)

Plastic waste has become one of the most critical environmental challenges of our time. This essay will discuss the problems caused by plastic pollution and suggest practical solutions.

The most serious problem is the damage plastic waste inflicts on marine ecosystems. Millions of tons of plastic enter the oceans annually, harming sea creatures that mistake plastic debris for food. This contamination enters the food chain, ultimately affecting human health through seafood consumption. Another pressing issue is that plastic takes hundreds of years to decompose, meaning landfills continue to expand while toxic chemicals leach into soil and groundwater.

Several practical solutions can help address this crisis. The most effective measure would be for governments to ban single-use plastics such as bags, straws, and packaging materials, as many European countries have already done successfully. In addition, investing in recycling infrastructure and making recycling more accessible to communities would significantly reduce the amount of plastic reaching landfills. At the individual level, consumers can choose reusable products, support eco-friendly businesses, and participate in local cleanup initiatives.

To summarize, plastic waste causes devastating damage to ecosystems and human health, but meaningful progress is achievable through government regulation, improved recycling systems, and responsible consumer behavior. The time for action is now.

5. So sánh Problem-Solution vs Cause-Effect-Solution