Câu chẻ (Cleft sentences) là gì?
Câu chẻ là cách tách một câu thành hai phần để nhấn mạnh một thành phần cụ thể. Trong VSTEP B2, câu chẻ xuất hiện nhiều ở phần viết lại câu và Writing.
1. It is/was... that/who (It-cleft)
Công thức: It is/was + thành phần nhấn mạnh + that/who + phần còn lại.
a) Nhấn mạnh chủ ngữ (người)
Câu gốc: Nam broke the window yesterday.
Câu chẻ: It was Nam who/that broke the window yesterday.
b) Nhấn mạnh tân ngữ (vật)
Câu gốc: She bought a new car last week.
Câu chẻ: It was a new car that she bought last week.
c) Nhấn mạnh trạng ngữ thời gian
Câu gốc: He left yesterday.
Câu chẻ: It was yesterday that he left.
d) Nhấn mạnh trạng ngữ nơi chốn
Câu gốc: I met her at the park.
Câu chẻ: It was at the park that I met her.
e) Nhấn mạnh nguyên nhân
Câu gốc: She cried because she failed the exam.
Câu chẻ: It was because she failed the exam that she cried.
2. What... is/was (What-cleft / Pseudo-cleft)
Công thức: What + S + V + is/was + thành phần nhấn mạnh.
- Câu gốc: I need more time. → What I need is more time.
- Câu gốc: She wants a better job. → What she wants is a better job.
- Câu gốc: He said nothing. → What he said was nothing.
- Câu gốc: They did was complain. → All (that) they did was complain.
3. Bảng so sánh It-cleft vs What-cleft
| It-cleft | What-cleft |
|---|---|
| It is/was + nhấn mạnh + that/who | What + S + V + is/was + nhấn mạnh |
| Nhấn mạnh: chủ ngữ, tân ngữ, trạng ngữ | Nhấn mạnh: tân ngữ, hành động |
| It was Nam who helped me. | What Nam did was help me. |
4. Bài tập trắc nghiệm — 15 câu
Chọn đáp án đúng nhất (A, B, C hoặc D).
Câu 1. It was ______ who told me the news.
A. him B. he C. his D. her's
Câu 2. It was in 2020 ______ they got married.
A. when B. which C. that D. where
Câu 3. What she needs ______ a long vacation.
A. are B. is C. were D. been
Câu 4. It ______ the manager who made the final decision.
A. is B. was C. were D. been
Câu 5. ______ I want is a cup of coffee.
A. That B. It C. What D. Which
Câu 6. It was at the airport ______ I lost my passport.
A. where B. which C. when D. that
Câu 7. It was because of the rain ______ the match was postponed.
A. why B. that C. which D. when
Câu 8. What he said ______ completely untrue.
A. were B. are C. was D. been
Câu 9. It was ______ that she gave the present to.
A. I B. me C. my D. mine
Câu 10. ______ we did was wait for the bus.
A. It B. That C. What D. Which
Câu 11. It was not until 10 p.m. ______ he came home.
A. when B. that C. which D. before
Câu 12. It is the students ______ should take responsibility.
A. which B. whom C. who D. whose
Câu 13. What surprised me ______ his honesty.
A. are B. is C. was D. were
Câu 14. It was yesterday ______ she submitted her assignment.
A. when B. where C. which D. that
Câu 15. All ______ they did was argue about money.
A. what B. that C. which D. who
5. Đáp án và giải thích
| Câu | Đáp án | Giải thích |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | B. he | It was + chủ ngữ (he) + who. Nhấn mạnh người → dùng đại từ chủ ngữ. |
| 2 | C. that | Câu chẻ It-cleft luôn dùng "that" (không dùng when/where dù nhấn mạnh thời gian). |
| 3 | B. is | What she needs (mệnh đề danh từ số ít) → is. |
| 4 | B. was | "made" → quá khứ → It was... who made. |
| 5 | C. What | What-cleft: What I want is... |
| 6 | D. that | It-cleft nhấn mạnh nơi chốn vẫn dùng "that" (không dùng where). |
| 7 | B. that | It was because of... that... (nhấn mạnh nguyên nhân). |
| 8 | C. was | What he said (quá khứ, số ít) → was. |
| 9 | B. me | Nhấn mạnh tân ngữ → dùng đại từ tân ngữ (me). |
| 10 | C. What | What-cleft: What we did was wait. |
| 11 | B. that | It was not until... that... (cấu trúc cố định). |
| 12 | C. who | Nhấn mạnh người (students) → who. |
| 13 | C. was | What surprised me (quá khứ) → was his honesty. |
| 14 | D. that | It-cleft nhấn mạnh thời gian → dùng "that". |
| 15 | B. that | All that they did = Everything that they did (đại từ quan hệ). |